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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it will become a target, a prize for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the files you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, some goods save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to get a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key. click for more

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.